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Vaccinations
are a way of life in the U.S. Military. All new recruits (both officer
and enlisted) are vaccinated against various diseases during enlisted
basic training or during officer accession training.
The below table shows
the standard vaccinations given to United States military personnel.
While many vaccinations are given during basic training, other vaccinations
(and/or "booster shots" are given at various times while in the service,
and some are given only to certain designated personnel, or for assignment/deployment
to various locations around the World.
The below table is derived from Air Force Joint Instruction 48-110,
Army Regulation 40-52, BUMEDINST 6230.15, CGCOMTINST M6230.4E, dated
12 May 2004.
| Immunizing Agent |
Remarks |
| Basic Training and Officer Accession Training |
| Adenovirus, Types 4 and 7 |
Air Force
recruits receive adenovirus vaccination only when there is evidence
of active disease transmission. Coast Guard Recruits only receive
this when specifically directed by the Coast Guard Commandant. |
| Influenza (Flu Shot) |
Navy and Marine
Corps officer and enlisted accessions receive the influenza vaccine
year round in basic training. Other service
recruits receive this shot in basic only during the designated
flu season (October - March) |
| Measles |
Measles Mumps
and rubella (MMR) are administered to all recruits regardless
of
prior
history. |
| Meningococcal |
Quadrivalent
meningococcal vaccine (containing A, C, Y, and W-135 polysaccharide
antigens) is administered on a one-time basis to recruits. The
vaccine is given as soon as practicable after in-processing or
training. This vaccine is required routinely only for recruits,
although its use may be indicated in other situations based on
transmission potential and risk of contracting meningococcal
disease. |
| Mumps |
Measles Mumps
and rubella (MMR) are administered to all recruits regardless
of prior
history. |
| Polio |
A single dose
of trivalent OPV is administered to all enlisted accessions.
Officer candidates, ROTC cadets, and other Reserve Components
on initial active duty for training receive a single dose of
OPV unless prior booster immunization as an adult is documented. |
| Rubella |
Measles Mumps
and rubella (MMR) are administered to all recruits regardless
of prior
history. |
| Tetanus-diphtheria |
A primary
series of tetanus-diphtheria (Td) toxoid is initiated for all
recruits lacking a reliable history of prior immunization in
accordance with existing ACIP guidelines. Individuals with previous
history of Td immunization receive a booster dose upon entry
to active duty and subsequently
in accordance with ACIP requirements. |
| Yellow Fever |
Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard only |
| Routine "Booster" Shots while in the Military |
| Influenza (Flu Shot) |
Annual, during
"Flu Season" (October - March) |
| Tetanus-diphtheria |
A primary
series of tetanus-diphtheria (Td) toxoid is initiated for all
recruits lacking a reliable history of prior immunization in
accordance with existing ACIP guidelines. Individuals with previous
history of Td immunization receive a booster dose upon entry
to active duty and subsequently
in accordance with ACIP requirements. |
| Yellow Fever |
Navy and Marine
Corps only. |
| Alert
Forces (See Remarks below for definition of "Alert Forces) |
| Hepatitis A |
Air Force Only |
| Typhoid |
Typhoid vaccine
is administered to alert forces and personnel
deploying
to endemic areas. |
| Yellow Fever |
Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard (Navy and Marine Corps receive
all receive this, regardless of "Alert Status"). |
| When Deploying or Traveling to High Risk Areas |
| Hepatitis A |
|
| JE Vaccine
(Japanese B Encephalitis) |
|
| Meningococcal |
|
| Typhoid |
|
| Yellow Fever |
Army, Air Force, and
Coast Guard (Navy and Marine Corps receive all receive this,
regardless of "Deployment Status"). |
| When Required by Host Country to Enter |
| Cholera |
Cholera vaccine
is not administered routinely to either active or reserve component
personnel.
Cholera vaccine is administered to military personnel, only upon
travel or deployment to countries requiring cholera vaccination as
a condition for entry, or upon the direction of the appropriate
Surgeon
General, or Commandant (G-K), Coast Guard. |
| High Risk Occupational Groups |
| Hepatitis B |
|
| Measles |
|
| Mumps |
|
| Plague |
There is no
requirement for routine immunization. Plague vaccine is administered
to personnel who are likely to be assigned to areas where the
risk of endemic transmission or other exposure is high. Vaccine
may not be effective in the prevention of airborne infection.
The addition of antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for such
situations. |
| Rabies |
Rabies vaccine
is administered to personnel with a high risk of exposure (animal
handlers; certain laboratory, field, and security personnel;
and personnel frequently exposed to potentially rabid animals
in a non occupational or recreational setting). |
| Varicella |
|
| When Deployed to Area Where In-Theater Commander
Accesses a Biological Threat |
| Small Pox |
This vaccine
is administered only under the authority of DoD Directive 6205.3,
DoD
Immunization Program for Biological Warfare Defense. |
| Anthrax |
This vaccine
is administered only under the authority of DoD Directive 6205.3,
DoD Immunization Program for Biological Warfare Defense. |
Alert forces are defined as follows
Army. Members of units, both active and Reserve Component, designated
to be in a state of readiness for immediate deployment to any area
outside of the U.S., includes units and individuals required to be
in a state of readiness for immediate deployment within 30 days or
less of notification.
Navy and Marine Corps. All fleet units deployed on a scheduled
or situational basis to any foreign country (except Canada). These
units include all Navy and Military Sealift Command ships (including
civilian mariners), aircraft squadrons, Fleet Marine Force units, construction
battalion detachments, and naval special warfare personnel. This includes
Medical Department personnel assigned to Mobile Medical Augmentation
Readiness Teams and other naval personnel, including members of Reserve
units, subject to foreign deployment on short notice.
Air Force. Aircrew personnel, individuals, and members of units
(active, Reserve Component, and Air National Guard) subject to rapid
deployment to any theater of operations by virtue of present assignment
or mission function.
Coast Guard. Personnel attached to combat or combat support units
(WHEC, WMEC, WPB, WAGB, WLB, CGAS), national strike force, members
of the Coast Guard Reserve designated by the district commander, individuals
or special teams which are available for immediate deployment outside
the United States, and any or all members of a unit whose commanding
officer chooses to protect
and preserve operational effectiveness.
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